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Huntsville
is named after John Hunt, the first Anglo-Saxon
owner of the land around Big Spring. However Hunt
did not properly register his claim, which was later
sold to Leroy Pope, who imposed the name Twickenham
on the area to honor the home city of his relative
Alexander Pope. The name was later changed to Huntsville
to honor Hunt. In 1811, Huntsville was the first
incorporated town in Alabama. However, the recognized
"birth" year of the city is 1805, since
the sesquentennial anniversiary was held in 1955
and the bicentennial is scheduled for 2005.
Twickenham
is the city's only Historical District and features
homes in the Federal and Greek Revival architectural
styles which were introduced to the city by Virginia-born
architect George Steele ca. 1818, and has the most
dense concentration of antebellum homes in Alabama.
The 1819 Weeden House Museum, is open to the public,
as are others in the area.
Huntsville's
quick growth was from wealth generated by the cotton
industry. In 1819, Huntsville hosted a constitutional
convention in Walker Allen's large cabinetmaking
shop, and forty-four delegates wrote a constitution
for the state of Alabama. Huntsville was Alabama's
first capital when it was admitted to the union;
the capital was moved to Cahawba in 1820.
In
1855, the Memphis and Charleston Railroad was constructed
through Huntsville. On April 11, 1862 During the
American Civil War, Union troops led by General
Mitchell seized Huntsville to sever the Confederate's
railroad communications. Union troops then used
Huntsville as a base for operations in the area.
After
the Civil War, Huntsville became a center for cotton
textile mills such as Lincoln and Merrimack. Several
of Huntsville's earliest neighborhoods were built
to house mill workers.
By
1940, Huntsville was still a small town with a population
of only 13,150, which changed at the onset of World
War II when Huntsville was chosen as the site of
several military manufacturing plants. The plants
were almost shut down in 1949 when they were no
longer needed, but instead, the military used the
area for missile research. In 1950, the military
brought German rocket scientist Wernher von Braun
and his colleagues to Huntsville's Redstone Arsenal
to work on the United States' fledgling space program.
Historic rockets in Rocket Park of the US Space
and Rocket Center, Huntsville, Alabama.On September
8, 1960, U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower formally
dedicated the Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville
(NASA had already activated the facility on July
1).
Huntsville
is home to the Redstone Arsenal and the U.S. Space
& Rocket Center, and is nicknamed "the
Rocket City," because of its history with U.S.
space missions. Huntsville has been important in
developing space technology since the 1950s, when
a group of German scientists headed by Dr. Wernher
von Braun were brought to the United States through
Operation Paperclip and developed rockets for the
U.S Army. Their work included designing the Redstone
ballistic missile, a variant of which, the Jupiter-C,
carried the U.S. first satellite and astronauts
into space. The Saturn V, was utilized by the Apollo
program manned moon missions and was developed from
the Redstone. Huntsville continues to play an important
role in the United States' space shuttle and International
Space Station programs; it is estimated that 1 in
13 of Huntsville's population are employed in some
engineering line of work.
Huntsville
is also the location of the U.S. Army Aviation and
Missile Command (AMCOM). Huntsville's contributions
to United States Cold War missile armament and technology
earned it a "red star" designation as
a target of the Soviet Union in the event of a nuclear
exchange, fourth behind only New York City, Washington,
DC, and NORAD.
Before
Huntsville earned the moniker "Rocket City"
and accompanying rapid growth, it was known as the
Watercress Capital of the World, because watercress
was harvested in such abundance in the area.
As
of the census2 of 2000, there were 158,216 people,
66,742 households, and 41,713 families residing
in the city. The population density was 351.0/km²
(909.0/mi²). There were 73,670 housing units
at an average density of 163.4/km² (423.3/mi²).
The racial makeup of the city was 64.47% White,
30.21% Black or African American, 0.54% Native American,
2.22% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 0.66% from
other races, and 1.84% from two or more races. 2.04%
of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any
race.