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A
little about Tuscaloosa, Alabama,
Tuscaloosa
is a city in west central Alabama, on the Black
Warrior River in Tuscaloosa County. The seat of
Tuscaloosa County, it is the fifth-largest city
in the state with a population of 79,294 (2003 U.S.
Census Bureau Estimate).
Tuscaloosa
occupies a unique location at the fall line of the
Black Warrior River on the boundary between the
Appalachian Highland and the Gulf Coastal Plain
approximately 311 km (120 mi.) upriver from the
river's confluence with the Tombigbee River in Demopolis.
Consequently, the geography of the area around Tuscaloosa
is quite diverse, being hilly and forested to the
northeast and low-lying and marshy to the southwest.
Tuscaloosa
is the center of industry, commerce, healthcare,
and education for the region commonly known as West
Alabama. Tuscaloosa is home to the University of
Alabama, Stillman College, and Shelton State Community
College. Additionally, the city is home to the region's
largest mall and hospital.
The
name of Tuscaloosa and the river come from two Choctaw
Indian words, tushka (warrior) and lusa (black).
It is assumed that the city received its name from
the Choctaw chief Tascaluza/Tuskalusa, who was defeated
by Hernando de Soto in 1540 in the Battle of Mauvila.
Tuscaloosa
boasts a highly diversied economy. Approximately
twenty-seven percent of the workplace is employed
by government, which includes major health care
and education related employment; twenty-two percent
in retail and wholesale trade; sixteen percent in
manufacturing; nineteen percent in services; and
the balance of the workforce spread among construction,
transportation, finance, insurance, real estate
and public services. As a consequence of its diverse
econonmy, Tuscaloosa has a very low rate of unemployment,
one of the lowest in Alabama at around 3%.
The
city's industrial base includes Uniroyal Goodrich
Tire Manufacturing (a division of Michelin), JVC
America [1], Phifer Wire Products, Gulf States Paper
Corporation, and the Mercedes-Benz U.S. International,
Inc., assembly plant [2], which began assembling
the Mercedes-Benz M-Class in 1997 and will begin
assembling the R-Class Grand Sport Tourer, and its
associated supplier plants.
Healthcare
and education serve as the cornerstone of Tuscaloosa's
service sector, which includes the University of
Alabama, DCH Regional Medical Center, Bryce State
Mental Hospial, Camp Partlow State Development Center,
and the Tuscaloosa VA Medical Center.
The
city is home to the region's two largest malls,
University Mall and McFarland Mall, as a well as
large array of retail options.
The
area at the fall line of what would be later known
as the Black Warrior River had long been well known
to the various Indian tribes whose shifting fortunes
brought them to West Alabama. The river shoals at
Tuscaloosa represented the southernmost site on
the river which could be forded under most conditions.
Inevitably, a network of Indian trails converged
upon the place, the same network which, in the first
years of the 19th Century began to lead a few intrepid
white frontiersmen to the area.
The
pace of white settlement increased greatly after
the War of 1812, and a small assortment of log cabins
soon arose near the large Creek village at the fall
line of the river, which the settlers named in honor
of the legendary Chief Tuskalusa. In 1817, Alabama
became a territory, and on December 13, 1819, the
territorial legislature incorporated the town of
Tuscaloosa, exactly one day before Congress admitted
Alabama to the Union as a state.
From
1826 to 1846 Tuscaloosa was the capital of Alabama.
During this period, in 1831, the University of Alabama
was established. The town's population and economy
grew rapidly until the departure of the capital
to Montgomery caused a rapid decline in population.
Establishment of the Bryce State Hospital for the
Insane in Tuscaloosa in the 1850s helped restore
the city's fortunes. During the Civil War following
Alabama's secession from the Union, several thousand
men from Tuscaloosa fought in the Confederate armies.
During the last weeks of the War, a brigade of Union
troops raiding the city burned the campus of the
University of Alabama. Tuscaloosa, too, suffered
much damage from the battle and shared fully in
the South's economic sufferings which followed the
defeat.
The
construction of a system of locks and dams on the
Black Warrior River by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
in the 1890s opened up an inexpensive link to the
Gulf seaport of Mobile, stimulating especially the
mining and metallurgical industries of the region.
By the advent of the 20th Century, the growth of
the University of Alabama and the mental healthcare
facilities in the city, along with strong national
economy fueled a steady growth in Tuscaloosa which
continued unabated for 100 years. The addition of
the manufacturing plants of large firms such as
Michelin and JVC in the latter half of the 20th
Century. However, it was the announcement of the
addition of the Mercedes facility in 1993 that best
personifed the new era of economic prosperity for
Tuscaloosa.